Why Smoking Isn’t Banned Despite Its Health Hazards

It is universally acknowledged that smoking is a severe health hazard, contributing to conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke. In 2022, cigarette smoking was responsible for the deaths of 3 people every 2 minutes in India. According to the WHO, a person dies globally every six seconds due to tobacco consumption.

Why Isn’t Smoking Banned?
Despite the well-documented dangers of smoking, several factors prevent a complete ban on tobacco products:

1. Economic Impact:
   Tobacco products generate significant revenue. According to Statista, the global tobacco market is projected to reach $965.1 billion in 2024, a substantial increase from previous years. Cigarettes alone are expected to account for $854 billion of this revenue. In India, smokers spend an average of $11.09 on tobacco, significantly less than the global average of $144.10, due to cheaper substitutes and the lower income levels of many smokers. This economic contribution is a major reason why governments may be reluctant to impose a ban.
   Economic Benefits vs. Costs:
   While a ban would impact the economy, the long-term financial benefits might outweigh these concerns. Smoking is a leading cause of costly diseases. Reducing smoking rates could decrease healthcare costs and reallocate resources to other sectors of the economy.
2. Black Market Concerns:
   Tobacco producers argue that a ban would lead to a black market, increasing illegal sales and potentially more harmful products. Historical data shows that illicit drug trade flourishes despite bans, as seen with the global drug trade reaching 3019 crore rupees. A World Health Organization study on Bhutan showed a rise in smoking among minors following a 2010 ban, which was used to justify reversing the decision.
   Addressing Illegal Trade:
   Becy Freeman, Associate Professor at the University of Sydney, suggests that effective enforcement and tracking of tobacco products could mitigate illegal sales. Both the World Bank and IMF support this view, advocating for comprehensive licensing of the tobacco supply chain. Additionally, there have been instances where tobacco companies themselves were involved in smuggling their products.
3. Job Losses Argument:
   The tobacco industry provides relatively few jobs, and many workers have been leaving the industry due to automation and public health policies. Governments can play a crucial role in ensuring proper rehabilitation, alternative employment, and fair wages for those affected by a ban.
4. Personal Freedom:
   The tobacco industry argues that smoking is a personal choice, emphasizing freedom of choice. However, research from the late 20th century revealed that smoking not only harms the smoker but also those exposed to secondhand smoke. The tobacco industry’s response included awareness programs and legislative efforts to accommodate smoking, leading to laws for separate smoking areas.
   Public Health Considerations:
   Abandoning smoking can significantly protect public health by reducing secondhand smoke exposure and alleviating the burden on healthcare systems. Restrictions can also help prevent youth from adopting smoking habits.

A Generational Smoking Ban: The Most Effective Solution
A generational smoking ban, though not immediate, could address the root causes of smoking. Such a ban would:

• Restrict smoking for younger generations and raise awareness about health risks.
• Discourage smoking and prevent the promotion of e-cigarettes and vaping.
• Ensure that tobacco products are available only under strict regulations, possibly requiring prescriptions for medical use.
• Impose strict penalties on stores selling illicit tobacco products, including revoking licenses and shutting down establishments.

Implementing these measures would create a broader impact and nurture a healthier, smoke-free future.