Understanding Osteoarthritis of Knees in Seniors

Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is a prevalent condition among seniors, with the knees being a commonly affected area. This ailment can significantly impact the quality of life for older individuals, making it crucial to understand its nature, symptoms, prevention measures, diagnosis, and available treatments.

What is Osteoarthritis of Knees?

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knees is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the cartilage, the protective tissue covering the ends of bones in the joint. As this cartilage wears down over time, the bones can start rubbing against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility in the knee joint.

SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOARTHRITIS:

The symptoms of osteoarthritis in the knees can vary but often include:

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Pain: Persistent pain in the knee joint, particularly during or after movement, is a hallmark symptom. The pain may worsen over time.

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Stiffness: The affected knee may feel stiff, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

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Swelling: Inflammation and swelling around the knee joint can occur, contributing to discomfort.

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Reduced Range of Motion: Osteoarthritis can limit the ability to fully bend or straighten the knee, resulting in a decreased range of motion.

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Grating Sensation: Some individuals may experience a grating or grinding sensation when moving the knee.

PREVENTION OF OSTEOARTHRITIS:

While certain risk factors such as age and genetics are beyond our control, adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to preventing or delaying the onset of osteoarthritis:

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Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess body weight puts additional stress on the knee joints. Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk of developing osteoarthritis and alleviate symptoms in those already affected.

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Stay Active: Regular, low-impact exercise, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, helps strengthen the muscles around the knee and maintains joint flexibility.

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Protect Joints: Avoid activities that put excessive strain on the knees, such as repetitive high-impact sports. Wearing supportive footwear and using knee pads can provide added protection.

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Balanced Diet: A diet rich in nutrients, especially those promoting joint health, can contribute to overall well-being.

DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOARTHRITIS:

Diagnosing osteoarthritis of the knees typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and imaging studies:

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Medical History: The doctor will inquire about the patient’s symptoms, their onset, and any factors that alleviate or worsen the pain.

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Physical Examination: The doctor will examine the affected knee, checking for swelling, tenderness, and range of motion.

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X-rays: Imaging studies, such as X-rays, can reveal the extent of joint damage, including the narrowing of joint space and the presence of bone spurs.

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MRI or CT Scan: In some cases, more detailed imaging studies like MRI or CT scans may be recommended to assess soft tissue damage.

TREATMENT OPTIONS:

The management of osteoarthritis in seniors involves a multifaceted approach, combining lifestyle modifications, medications, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention:

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Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pain relievers, and corticosteroid injections are commonly prescribed to manage pain and inflammation. However these medicines should be taken only
under doctor’s supervision.

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Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises designed to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve flexibility can be beneficial.

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Lifestyle Modifications: Using assistive devices, such as braces or canes, can help reduce stress on the knees. Lifestyle adjustments, including weight management and joint protection techniques, are crucial.

Avoid climbing stairs and offer namaz on the chair.

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Surgical Interventions: In advanced cases, surgical options such as arthroscopy, joint realignment, or knee replacement may be considered to alleviate symptoms and improve function.

Additionally, osteoarthritis of the knees in seniors is a complex condition that requires a holistic approach to manage effectively. Prevention measures, early diagnosis, and a combination of non-invasive and surgical interventions can significantly enhance the quality of life for those grappling with this common ailment.

Dr Shakeel Ur Rehman is Founder and Chairman Kashmir Clinics Group