The Risks of Self-Medication

As a doctor, I often encounter elderly patients seeking relief from various ailments. Recently, a 78-year-old man visited me with worsening symptoms, including lower limb swelling, vomiting and loss of appetite. Initially, his medical history seemed unremarkable. However, upon further inquiry, he disclosed that he had been self-medicating with supplements in capsule form and had even received injections in his muscles.

Upon probing deeper, I learned that the patient had obtained a prescription from a friend who claimed to have experienced similar symptoms and found relief through the prescribed regimen. The compounder who administered the injection confirmed that the prescription included an intramuscular vitamin D injection and a multivitamin supplement. Unfortunately, the patient failed to realize that what worked for his friend might not necessarily be suitable for him.

Upon evaluation, it became evident that the self-medication had led to kidney injury due to the unnecessary vitamin D injection and supplements. This case underscores the dangers of self-medication, even with seemingly harmless vitamins and supplements, especially for seniors.

Each individual's health needs are unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. It is crucial to understand that self-medication can have serious consequences, particularly for older adults who may already have underlying health issues. Consulting a doctor is imperative before initiating any treatment regimen.

Seniors, in particular, should be cautious about self-medication due to age-related changes in metabolism and organ function. What may seem like a harmless supplement could interact adversely with existing medications or exacerbate underlying health conditions.

Furthermore, self-medication can delay the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of underlying health issues. Symptoms may be masked temporarily, but the underlying cause remains untreated, potentially leading to further complications down the line.

It is essential to emphasize that only doctors possess the expertise to prescribe appropriate medications tailored to individual needs. Self-diagnosis and self-treatment based on anecdotal evidence or advice from non-professionals can be risky and counterproductive.

Self-Medication:

Definition: Self-medication is the practice where individuals diagnose and treat their health conditions without consulting healthcare professionals.

Types of Self-Medication:

• Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs: These are medications available without a prescription, such as pain relievers, antacids, and cough syrups.
• Sharing Prescriptions: Taking medications prescribed for others, often based on a friend or family member's recommendation.
• Leftover Medications: Using drugs leftover from previous prescriptions for similar symptoms, even if not indicated.
• Alternative Remedies: This includes using herbal supplements, vitamins, or traditional remedies without medical guidance.

Bad Effects of Self-Medication:

• Incorrect Dosage: Without professional guidance, individuals may take too little or too much of a medication, leading to ineffective treatment or toxicity.
• Drug Interactions: Combining medications without knowledge of potential interactions can lead to adverse effects or reduced efficacy.
• Allergic Reactions: Using medications without knowing allergens can trigger severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.
• Masking Symptoms: Temporary relief from symptoms may delay proper diagnosis and treatment of underlying health conditions.
• Delay in Seeking Treatment: Relying on self-medication may lead to delays in seeking professional medical care, allowing conditions to worsen.
• Dependency and Addiction: Regular use of certain medications, particularly opioids or sedatives, can lead to physical dependence and addiction.
• Health Risks: Self-medication can pose serious health risks, especially if the condition requires immediate medical attention or if the wrong treatment is chosen.

How to Avoid Self-Medication:

• Consult a Healthcare Professional: Always seek guidance from a qualified healthcare provider before starting any medication regimen.
• Provide Medical History: Share your complete medical history, including current medications and allergies, with your healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective treatment.
• Follow Prescribed Dosages: Adhere strictly to prescribed doses and instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
• Avoid Sharing Medications: Do not take prescriptions intended for others, even if the symptoms seem similar, as individual health conditions and treatment responses vary.
• Dispose of Unused Medications: Properly dispose of expired or unused medications to prevent accidental ingestion or misuse.
• Stay Informed: Educate yourself about the risks and benefits of medications and supplements, and seek professional advice when unsure.
• Report Adverse Reactions: Promptly report any adverse reactions or changes in symptoms to your healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate management.
• Seek Professional Advice: Trust qualified healthcare professionals for guidance on your healthcare needs and treatment options, and avoid self-diagnosis and treatment.