Menstrual Health Crisis in Jammu & Kashmir

Though World Menstrual Health Day is observed annually on May 28, it is crucial to continuously highlight the importance of menstrual hygiene and break the taboos surrounding menstruation. Initiated by the German-based NGO WASH United in 2014, this day advocates for better menstrual health and hygiene management (MHH) worldwide. In India, the world's largest democracy, only 37% of the 336 million menstruators have access to proper menstrual products. Many in rural areas still use ash, leaves, and hay. Each year, 23 million girls in India drop out of school upon starting menstruation, facing fear, trauma, and shame due to societal taboos. This lack of menstrual justice leads to health inequities from birth to death, with uninformed choices causing missed school or work, and hindering participation in educational and economic activities, impacting gender equality.

Menstrual Health in Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu & Kashmir face severe menstrual health challenges due to unique geographical, socio-political, and health factors. The region has the highest global prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), affecting over 30% of women. PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder that impacts menstrual health, fertility, mental health, and overall well-being. Factors such as poor nutrition, lack of awareness, and limited access to healthcare contribute to this high incidence. The mental and menstrual health of women are interconnected, with issues in one directly affecting the other, limiting participation in family, society, and personal life.

Geographically, the region's rugged terrain and ongoing conflict create barriers to education and healthcare. The fertility rate in Kashmir has dropped from 3.1 children per woman in 1991 to 1.4 in 2021. Adolescent girls in tribal and border areas are particularly disadvantaged, with little exposure to menstrual health education and inadequate access to safe menstrual products. The stigma surrounding menstruation leads to poor hygiene practices and adverse health outcomes, including problems with childbearing, which can increase domestic violence.

Nutritional Deficits and Anemia

Nutrition plays a critical role in menstrual health. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-21 reports that 73% of children aged 6-59 months and 90% of women in Jammu & Kashmir are anemic. Anemia, often caused by iron deficiency, can lead to severe menstrual irregularities and worsen conditions like PCOS. This nutritional crisis highlights the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to improve dietary intake for women and children.

Menstrual Health and Human Rights

Menstrual health is linked to fulfilling several human rights, including health, education, work, adequate housing, and access to safe water and sanitation. Inadequate menstrual health management impedes girls' education, limits women's economic opportunities, and undermines their overall quality of life. Promoting menstrual health and hygiene is crucial for gender equality and human rights.

The Role of Male Participation and Dialogic Interventions

Addressing menstrual health challenges in Jammu & Kashmir requires a multifaceted approach, including male participation and dialogic interventions. Men and boys need to be educated about menstruation to dismantle myths and stigmas that perpetuate gender inequality. Schools and community programs should incorporate comprehensive menstrual health education for both genders, fostering understanding and support.

Community discussions and awareness campaigns can change societal attitudes toward menstruation. Involving community leaders, healthcare providers, and educators can promote inclusive dialogue about menstrual health, encourage the use of safe menstrual products, and advocate for better healthcare services.

Author is an agricultural scientist by profession and founder and CEO of an NGO named Agaaz International