Magnetofossils in Ladakh hold key to finding habitable environments in space

Srinagar, July 26: Researchers have discovered magnetofossils in Ladakh, which could be crucial in identifying habitable environments in space.

Magnetofossils are the fossilized remains of magnetic particles created by magnetotactic bacteria. These have been found within rock varnish layers in Ladakh.

Rock varnish, a coating rich in manganese, iron, and clay minerals, forms on rock surfaces and subsurface fractures in extremely dry and cold environments. It is believed to support microorganisms nutritionally.

The research team from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) in Lucknow, an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), noticed similarities between the rock varnish in Ladakh and that found on Mars, especially during the Perseverance rover's operations, reported Indian Express.

Analysis of rock varnish samples from Ladakh revealed higher concentrations of oxidized manganese (Mn4+) and carboxylic acid functionality on the varnish surface, indicating organic signatures. Published in Planetary and Space Science, the study found that Ladakh's rock varnish contains enriched concentrations of magnetic minerals, likely from biotic sources. This suggests that rock varnish can serve as an archive of ancient environmental records and a valuable geomaterial for astrobiological research.

By identifying biotic signatures in rock varnish, scientists can better target potential biosignatures on Mars and other planetary bodies, aiding the search for extraterrestrial life. These findings are expected to play a crucial role in planning future space missions by ISRO and other space agencies, including those focused on Mars exploration.

Ladakh, often referred to as the cold desert of India, experiences extreme climate conditions such as high UV radiation, significant temperature variations, and limited water availability, making it a suitable terrestrial analogue for Martian studies.