Diabetic Foot is Preventable
The term “Diabetic Foot” is increasingly common. You may have heard of a friend’s relative who developed it, underwent extensive treatment, yet still had a toe or foot amputated. In severe cases, the entire foot may be lost due to complications. In our country, 9 out of 100 diabetics face foot amputation. Understanding Diabetic Foot and its prevention is essential.
What is Diabetic Foot?
If you experience persistent pain, tingling, or burning sensations in your feet, or if you notice blisters, non-healing wounds, or darkening toes, you may have Diabetic Foot.
Diabetics often develop foot wounds that fail to heal, even with antibiotics and regular dressings. A neglected injury—whether from a thorn prick, nail puncture, or minor trauma—can escalate, leading to infection, tissue death, and amputation.
A more advanced form, Charcot Foot, occurs when nerve damage leads to foot deformities, bunions, corns, or pressure ulcers, often without pain.
Causes of Diabetic Foot
- Neuropathy (Nerve Damage):
- Weakens foot muscles, leading to abnormal pressure, corns, and ulcers.
- Reduces sweat production, causing dry, cracked skin that is prone to infections.
- Reduced Blood Supply:
- Diabetes leads to fat and calcium buildup in blood vessels, restricting circulation.
- Poor blood flow causes skin discoloration, pain while walking, and non-healing wounds.
- If untreated, toes and fingers turn black (gangrene).
What to Do if You Have Diabetic Foot?
Consult an experienced vascular surgeon immediately. Essential tests include:
- X-ray of the foot – to check bone damage.
- Doppler test – to assess blood circulation.
- CT Angiography – to detect blockages.
- Diabetic Foot Scan – to evaluate nerve function and pressure points.
Early diagnosis can prevent amputation. Seek hospitals with vascular care and specialized tests.
Treatment of Diabetic Foot
- Surgical cleaning of infected wounds prevents infection spread.
- Angioplasty or stenting improves blood flow if blockages exist.
- Specialized dressings (VAC therapy) and skin grafting aid faster healing.
- Every effort is made to save the foot from amputation.
Prevention is Key
Preventing Diabetic Foot is easier than treating it. Take these precautions:
- Never walk barefoot, even indoors or on grass.
- Avoid slippers and sandals; wear soft, cushioned shoes with cotton socks.
- Always wear socks with shoes to reduce friction.
- Exercise daily—walking 5–6 km improves circulation.
- Maintain a healthy weight—obesity increases foot ulcers.
- Control blood sugar levels—uncontrolled diabetes is the biggest cause of Diabetic Foot.
By taking early precautions, you can protect your feet, maintain mobility, and improve your quality of life.
Dr. K.K. Pandey is Senior Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi.
