Cancer Awareness and Prevention

Cancer cases are rising at an alarming rate, posing a significant health challenge in Kashmir. While it is sobering to note that 30-50% of cancer cases are preventable, this also offers hope through awareness and proactive measures. In today’s Health Watch, we will understand cancer, its prevention and practical steps to address this growing concern in our region.

Dos:

1. Adopt a Healthy Diet: Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit processed and red meats.
2. Exercise Regularly: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days to maintain a healthy weight and reduce cancer risk.
3. Quit Smoking: Avoid tobacco in all forms; it’s a leading cause of many cancers, including lung and oral cancers.
4. Stop Alcohol Consumption: Avoid alcohol altogether to lower the risk of certain cancers.
5. Protect Against UV Radiation: Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing to prevent skin cancer.
6. Get Regular Screenings: Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Follow screening guidelines for common cancers like breast, cervical and colon. Especially the ones with family history of particular cancer.
7. Vaccinate: Get vaccinated against viruses linked to cancer, such as HPV and Hepatitis B.
8. Stay Informed: Seek advice from medical professionals and educate yourself about symptoms and early warning signs.

Don’ts:

1. Don’t Ignore Symptoms: Unexplained lumps, persistent cough, loss of weight, anemia or changes in bowel habits should not be overlooked.
2. Avoid Processed and Junk Foods: Excess sugar, trans fats and unhealthy snacks can increase obesity-related cancer risks.
3. Don’t Skip Follow-Ups: If diagnosed or treated for lumps/polyps or cancer, adhere to your doctor’s recommendations and follow-ups.
4. Avoid Unverified Treatments: Stick to evidence-based medicine; avoid falling prey to unproven “cures.”
5. Don’t Delay Seeking Help: Early diagnosis significantly improves outcomes; consult a doctor if concerned.

Myths and Facts about Cancer

Myth 1: Cancer is always hereditary.
Fact: Most cancers are caused by lifestyle and environmental factors, not genetics.

Myth 2: Using mobile phones causes cancer.
Fact: There is no conclusive evidence linking mobile phone use to cancer as of now.

Myth 3: Cancer is a death sentence.
Fact: Many cancers are curable, especially if detected early. Survival rates are improving due to advances in treatment.

Myth 4: Only smokers get lung cancer.
Fact: While smoking is the leading cause, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to pollution, second-hand smoke or genetic factors.

Myth 5: Sugar feeds cancer cells.
Fact: While all cells use glucose for energy, eating sugar does not specifically fuel cancer growth. However, excessive sugar can lead to obesity and diabetes, a risk factor for cancer.

Myth 6: Cancer spreads through physical contact.
Fact: Cancer is not contagious and cannot spread from one person to another through touch or proximity.

Myth 7: Herbal remedies can cure cancer.
Fact: No herbal remedy has been proven to cure cancer. Complementary therapies should only be used alongside proper medical treatment.

Myth 8: Cancer always causes pain.
Fact: Many cancers are painless in early stages, which is why regular screenings are crucial.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Cancer

• Unexplained Weight Loss: Losing weight without trying, especially 10 pounds or more.
• Anemia: Decreasing levels of haemoglobin (Hb) in blood.
• Persistent Fatigue: Extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.
• Unusual Lumps or Swelling: Any new lump or thickened area, particularly in the breast, neck, or underarm.
• Changes in Skin: Moles that change in size, shape, or color, or non-healing sores.
• Persistent Cough or Hoarseness: Especially if accompanied by blood or lasting longer than 3 weeks.
• Unexplained Pain: Chronic pain in any part of the body without an identifiable cause.
• Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits: Persistent diarrhea, constipation, blood in stool, or urine.
• Difficulty Swallowing: Ongoing issues swallowing or a feeling of something stuck in the throat.
• Unusual Bleeding or Discharge: Blood in vomit, stool, urine, or unusual vaginal bleeding.
• Fever or Night Sweats: Persistent, unexplained fevers or excessive sweating during sleep.

When to See a Doctor

• If you notice any of the above symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks.
• Sudden, severe symptoms such as heavy bleeding, chest pain, or difficulty breathing should prompt immediate medical attention.
• Family history of cancer or other risk factors, even without symptoms, warrants regular screenings.
• Routine Check-ups: If over 40 or at higher risk due to lifestyle or genetic factors.

Common Cancers and Their Symptoms

l  Lung Cancer: Persistent cough, blood in sputum and shortness of breath.

l  Breast Cancer: Lump in the breast, nipple discharge and skin changes.

l  Colorectal Cancer: Blood in stool, changes in bowel habits, anemia and unexplained weight loss.

l  Stomach Cancer: Indigestion, nausea, and a feeling of fullness after eating small amounts.

l  Prostate Cancer: Frequent urination, weak urine flow and pelvic discomfort.

l  Cervical Cancer: Irregular bleeding, unusual vaginal discharge and pelvic pain.

l  Esophageal Cancer: Difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and weight loss.

l  Liver Cancer: Jaundice, abdominal swelling, and loss of appetite.

l  Skin Cancer: Unusual moles or sores that do not heal.

l  Oral Cancer: Mouth sores, difficulty chewing, and a persistent sore throat.

It is important to note that these symptoms do not always indicate cancer. However, it is essential to see your doctor to rule out any serious conditions.

Common Cancers by Age:

In children (0–14 years), leukemia and brain or nervous system tumors are most prevalent. Among adolescents and young adults (15–39 years), Hodgkin lymphoma, thyroid cancer, testicular cancer in males, and breast cancer in females are common.

For adults aged 40–60 years, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer in females, and prostate cancer in males are frequently diagnosed. Older adults (60+ years) commonly face breast cancer in females, prostate cancer in males, as well as lung, stomach and liver cancers.

Key Takeaways for the Masses

• Prioritize Prevention: A healthy lifestyle reduces your risk significantly.
• Be Vigilant: Recognize and act on early signs for better outcomes.
• Trust Science: Avoid myths and rely on expert medical advice.
• Support Emotional Well-Being: Cancer patients and their families need mental and emotional support.

Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, so don’t hesitate to consult a doctor if something feels off.