A Call to Action for Global Health
BY DR. MOHAMMAD HAYAT BHAT and DR. M. EJAZ ALAM
World Diabetes Day, observed annually on November 14th, serves as a poignant reminder of the escalating impact of diabetes on global public health. The urgency for attention and action is highlighted by a recent comprehensive study that delves into the concerning reality faced by India.
In 2021, India grappled with a significant diabetes burden, ranking among the top countries globally with a staggering 74.2 million adults aged 20–79 affected. This alarming statistic is complemented by a troubling prevalence of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents, totaling 229.4 thousand cases. Additionally, 24 thousand incident (new) cases were reported in the age group of 0–19 years. The projection for 2045 is even more disconcerting, with an anticipated rise to 124.9 million individuals, emphasising the immediate need for comprehensive strategies to address and manage this escalating health challenge.
As the world grapples with the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the significance of World Diabetes Day takes on added weight. It goes beyond mere awareness, evolving into a collective commitment to addressing the root causes of diabetes, promoting healthier lifestyles, and enhancing access to healthcare.
The study, titled 'Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17),' paints a comprehensive picture of the diabetes landscape in India. The highest prevalence is observed in states like Goa (26.4%), Puducherry, and Kerala (nearly 25%). A concerning prediction warns of a potential spike in rural areas over the next five years, despite the current lower prevalence.
Diabetes, acknowledged by the World Health Organization as a major contributor to complications such as blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, and lower-limb amputations, has far-reaching implications for India. The statistics reveal a prevalence rate of 11.4%, with an additional 35.5% of the population grappling with hypertension. Abdominal obesity further compounds the challenges, standing at 40% across the population and rising to an alarming 50% among females.
The study further unveils concerning data, showcasing generalised obesity and abdominal obesity prevalent in 28.6% and 39.5% of the population, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia, a condition escalating the risk of heart attacks and strokes, affects 24% of Indians. Pre-diabetic conditions are identified in 15.3% of the population.
World Diabetes Day becomes a platform not only to disseminate awareness but also to inspire collective action. Various activities, both globally and in India, are organised on this occasion. Educational campaigns, screening events, and social media initiatives work synergistically to provide information, identify at-risk individuals, and engage communities in discussions.
The colour blue takes centre stage during World Diabetes Day, symbolising diabetes awareness. "Blue Circles" prominently feature in the global and local campaigns, while iconic landmarks may be illuminated in blue to draw attention to the cause. Fundraising activities play a pivotal role, supporting research initiatives that advocate for better treatments and, ultimately, a cure for diabetes.
In India, where the diabetes burden is on the rise, World Diabetes Day serves as a crucial platform for reflection. It prompts contemplation of the nation's health landscape and the imperative for comprehensive strategies. By addressing the challenges highlighted in the study, India can work towards a healthier future, ensuring that the next World Diabetes Day brings not only increased awareness but tangible progress in the fight against this pervasive health issue.
Dr. Mohammad Hayat Bhat & Dr. Md. Ejaz Alam, Department of Endocrinology
GMC, Srinagar
